Zeszyty Naukowe Sądownictwa Administracyjnego - Nr 6/2016 (69)

STUDIA I ARTYKUŁY

Dr hab. Małgorzata Jaśkowska (profesor, Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie)
Wybrane problemy dostępu do informacji publicznej w orzecznictwie Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego | str. 9

Summary | str. 21

Prof. dr hab. Robert Stefanicki (Uniwersytet Wrocławski)
Wybrane problemy z zakresu administracyjnego przekształcania użytkowania wieczystego w prawo własności | str. 22

Summary | str. 37

Dr Robert Talaga (referendarz, Wojewódzki Sąd Administracyjny w Poznaniu)
Skarga na orzeczenie w przedmiocie dofinansowania projektu ze środków przeznaczonych na realizację polityki spójności | str. 38

Summary | str. 51

Mgr Michał Szwast (doktorant, Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Mgr Marcin Szwed (doktorant, Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Nadużycie prawa do sądu w postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym | str. 52

Summary | str. 75

Mgr Janusz Wilczyński (doktorant, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu)
Autokontrola w trybie art. 179a p.p.s.a. - zagadnienia procesowe | str. 77

Summary | str. 90

ORZECZNICTWO

I. Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej (wybór i opracowanie: Andrzej Wróbel, Piotr Wróbel)
Odesłanie prejudycjalne - Opodatkowanie - Podatek od wartości dodanej - Szósta dyrektywa - Artykuł 28c część A lit. a/ i d/ - Przemieszczanie towarów na obszarze Unii Europejskiej - Prawo do zwolnienia - Nieprzestrzeganie obowiązku przekazania numeru identyfikacji dla celów VAT nadanego przez państwo członkowskie przeznaczenia - Brak poważnych poszlak istnienia oszustwa podatkowego - Odmowa przyznania prawa do odliczenia - Dopuszczalność
Wyrok TSUE z dnia 20 października 2016 r. w sprawie C-24/15 Plöckl, ECLI:EU:C:2016:791 | str. 91

II. Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka (wybór i opracowanie: Agnieszka Wilk-Ilewicz)
Naruszenie prawa do poszanowania mienia
Wyrok ETPC z dnia 4 października 2016 r. w sprawie Petar Matas przeciwko Chorwacji (skarga nr 40581/12) | str. 100

III. Trybunał Konstytucyjny (wybór: Irena Chojnacka, opracowanie: Mieszko Nowicki)
Wyrok TK z dnia 27 września 2016 r. (sygn. akt SK 11/14)
[dot. prawa o adwokaturze - skreślenia z listy aplikantów] | str. 103

IV. Sąd Najwyższy (wybór i opracowanie: Dawid Miąsik)
1. Uchwała SN z dnia 17 lutego 2016 r. (sygn. akt III SZP 5/15)
[dot. nałożenia kary pieniężnej na przedsiębiorcę telekomunikacyjnego, który zlecił innemu podmiotowi wykorzystanie automatycznych systemów wywołujących dla celów marketingu bezpośredniego usług tego przedsiębiorcy telekomunikacyjnego wśród jego abonentów lub użytkowników końcowych na podstawie bazy przekazanych numerów telefonicznych] | str. 109
2. Postanowienie SN z dnia 21 stycznia 2016 r. (sygn. akt III SZP 5/15)
[dot. stanowiska SN w sprawie związania Prezesa Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki decyzją koncesyjną wraz z załącznikiem w innym postępowaniu administracyjnym] | str. 113

V. Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny i wojewódzkie sądy administracyjne

A. Orzecznictwo Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego (wybór: Stefan Babiarz, opracowanie: Marcin Wiącek)

1. Uchwała składu siedmiu sędziów NSA z dnia 16 lutego 2016 r. (sygn. akt II OPS 4/15)
[dot. dopuszczalności zażalenia na postanowienie nakładające obowiązek przedstawienia ekspertyzy stanu technicznego obiektu budowlanego lub jego części] | str. 118

2. Uchwała składu siedmiu sędziów NSA z dnia 3 października 2016 r. sygn. akt II OPS 1/16
[dot. dopuszczalności stosowania art. 50 ust. 1 pkt 2 lub 4 in fine oraz art. 51 ust. 7 prawa budowlanego do robót i obiektów budowlanych nieobjętych obowiązkiem uzyskania pozwolenia na budowę ani obowiązkiem zgłoszenia] | str. 122

B. Orzecznictwo wojewódzkich sądów administracyjnych (wybór: Bogusław Gruszczyński, opracowanie: Marcin Wiącek)

1. Postanowienie WSA w Szczecinie z dnia 26 października 2015 r. (sygn. akt II SA/Sz 1181/15)
[dot. niedopuszczalności skargi do sądu administracyjnego na wstrzymanie przez wojewodę wykonania uchwały albo zarządzenia organu gminy] | str. 127

2. Wyrok WSA w Białymstoku z dnia 8 grudnia 2015 r. (sygn. akt II SA/Bk 640/15)
[dot. niemożności ustalania przez starostę wysokości składki uiszczanej przez członków spółki wodnej na jej rzecz] | str. 128

3. Wyrok WSA w Gdańsku z dnia 16 grudnia 2015 r. (sygn. akt I SA/Gd 1551/15)
[dot. uznania przychodu ze sprzedaży wirtualnej waluty bitcoin za przychód z praw majątkowych] | str. 129

4. Wyrok WSA w Poznaniu z dnia 20 stycznia 2016 r. (sygn. akt III SA/Po 663/15)
[dot. niedopuszczalności obciążenia niebędącego bankiem nabywcy wierzytelności, objętej bankowym tytułem egzekucyjnym, kosztami egzekucyjnymi na podstawie art. 64c § 4 ustawy o postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w administracji] | str. 130

5. Wyrok WSA w Białymstoku z dnia 31 marca 2016 r. (sygn. akt II SA/Bk 76/16)
[dot. obowiązku aktualizacji ewidencji gruntów] | str. 132

VI. Glosy

Dr Marta Kopacz (adiunkt, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie)
Glosa do wyroku NSA z dnia 20 listo pada 2015 r. (sygn akt I OSK 1003/14)
[dot. kontroli sądowoadministracyjnej] | str. 134

Dr Mirosława Laszuk (adiunkt, Politechnika Białostocka)
Glosa do wyroku NSA z dnia 30 marca 2016 r. (sygn. akt I GSK 1471/14)
[dot. faktycznego przeniesienia miejsca zamieszkania z państwa trzeciego na obszar UE jako warunku zwolnienia z cła mienia przesiedlenia] | str. 140

SĄDOWNICTWO ADMINISTRACYJNE W EUROPIE

Dr Jerzy Parchomiuk (adiunkt, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski)
Przesłanka potrzeby ochrony prawnej jako instrument przeciwdziałania nadużyciu prawa do skargi w niemieckim postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym | str. 151

Summary | str. 165

KRONIKA

Kalendarium sądownictwa administracyjnego (wrzesień - październik 2016 r.)
(opracował Przemysław Florjanowicz-Błachut) | str. 167

BIBLIOGRAFIA

Publikacje z zakresu postępowania administracyjnego i sądowoadministracyjnego (wrzesień - październik 2016 r.)
(opracowała Marta Jaszczukowa) | str. 189

STUDIES AND ARTICLES

Professor Małgorzata Jaśkowska, PhD (Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw)
Selected problems of the access to public information in the case law of the Supreme Administrative Court | p. 9

Summary

| p. 21

Professor Robert Stefanicki, PhD (University of Wrocław)
Selected problems in the field of administrative transformation of perpetual usufruct into the right of ownership | p. 22

Summary

| p. 37

Robert Talaga, PhD (referendary, Voivodeship Administrative Court in Poznań)
Appeal against the adjudication on fi nancing a project from the funds allocated for the implementation of the cohesion policy | p. 38

Summary

| p. 51

Michał Szwast, MA (doctoral student, University of Warsaw)
Marcin Szwed, MA (doctoral student, University of Warsaw)
Abuse of the right to trial in administrative court proceedings | p. 52

Summary

| p. 75

Janusz Wilczyński, MA (doctoral student, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań)
Auto-control in accordance with Article 179a of the Law on proceedings before administrative courts - procedural issues | p. 77

Summary

| p. 90

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

I. The Court of Justice of the European Union (selected and prepared by: Andrzej Wróbel, Piotr Wróbel)
Reference for a preliminary ruling - Taxation - Value added tax - Sixth Directive - Article 28c(A)(a) and (d) - Transfer of goods within the European Union - Right to an exemption - Failure to comply with an obligation to provide a VAT identification number issued by the Member State of destination - No specific evidence of tax evasion - Refusal to grant the exemption - Whether permissible
Judgement of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 20 October 2016 in the case C-24/15 Plöckl, ECLI:EU:C:2016:791 | p. 91

II. The European Court of Human Rights (selected and prepared byAgnieszka Wilk-Ilewicz)
Violation of the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions
Judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of 4 October 2016 in the case Petar Matas v Croatia (application no. 40581/12) | p. 100

III. The Constitutional Tribunal (selected by: Irena Chojnacka, prepared by: Mieszko Nowicki)
Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 27 September 2016 (files no. SK 11/14)
[re: Act on the Bar - deletion from the list of applicants] | p. 103

IV. The Supreme Court (selected and prepared by: Dawid Miąsik)
1. Resolution of the Supreme Court of 17 February 2016 (files no. III SZP 7/15)
[re: imposing a financial penalty on a telecommunications undertaking which commissioned another entity to use automated calling systems for the purposes of direct marketing of that telecommunications undertaking services among its subscribers or end users, using to this end a provided database of the phone numbers] | p. 109
2. Decision of the Supreme Court of 21 January 2016 (files no. III SZP 5/15)
[re: position of the Supreme Court on binding the Energy Regulatory Office President by a concession decision and its annex in different administrative proceedings] | p. 109

V. The Supreme Administrative Court and voivodeship administrative courts

A. Judicial decisions of the Supreme Administrative Court (selected by: Stefan Babiarz, prepared by: Marcin Wiącek)

1. Resolution of a panel of seven judges of the Supreme Administrative Court of 16 February 2016 (files no. II OPS 4/15)
[re: admissibility of the appeal against a decision imposing an obligation to provide expertise on the technical condition of a building facility or a part thereof] | p. 118

2. Resolution of a panel of seven judges of the Supreme Administrative Court of 3 October 2016, files no. II OPS 1/16
[re: applicability of Art. 50, paragraph 1,item 2 or 4, in fine, and Art. 51, paragraph 7, of the Building Law, to construction works and facilities exempt from the obligation to obtain a building permit or notification obligation] | p. 122

B. Judicial decisions of voivodeship administrative courts (selected by: Bogusław Gruszczyński, prepared by: Marcin Wiącek)

1. Decision of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Szczecin of 26 October 2015 (files no. II SA/Sz 1181/15)
[re: inadmissibility of an appeal to the administrative court against suspension by the voivode of the implementation of a resolution or order of a municipal authority | p. 127

2. Judgment of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Białystok of 8 December 2015 (files no. II SA/Bk 640/15)
[re: inadmissibility of determination by the starost of the contribution to be paid to a water company by its members] | p. 128

3. Judgment of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Gdańsk of 16 December 2015 (files no. I SA/Gd 1551/15)
[re: recognizing revenue from the sale of virtual currency Bitcoin as revenue from property rights | p. 129

4. Judgment of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Poznań of 20 January 2016 (files no. III SA/Po 663/15)
[re: inadmissibility of charging a non-bank purchaser of a receivable subjected to the banking enforcement title with the enforcement costs pursuant to the provisions of Art. 64c, paragraph 4 of the act on administrative enforcement proceedings] | p. 130

5. Judgment of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Białystok of 31 March 2016 (files no. II SA/Bk 76/16)
[re: obligation to update entries in the land register] | p. 132

VI. Glosses

Marta Kopacz, PhD (assistant professor, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn)
Gloss to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 20 November 2015 (files no. I OSK 1003/14)
[re: control exercised by administrative courts | p. 134

Mirosława Laszuk, PhD (assistant professor, Białystok University of Technology)
Gloss to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 30 March 2016 (files no. I GSK 1471/14)
[re: moving the actual place of residence from a third country into the EU territory as a prerequisite for exemption of the resettlement property from customs duties] | p. 140

ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN EUROPE

Jerzy Parchomiuk, PhD (assistant professor, Catholic University of Lublin)
The premise of the need for legal protection as an instrument to prevent abuse of the right of appeal in German administrative court proceedings | p. 165

Summary

| p. 21

CHRONICLE

Schedule of events in the administrative judiciary (September–October 2016)
(prepared by Przemysław Florjanowicz-Błachut | p. 167

BIBLIOGRAPHY

List of publications in the area of administrative procedure and proceedings before administrative courts (September - October 2016)
(prepared by Marta Jaszczukowa) | p. 189

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Małgorzata Jaśkowska
Selected problems of the access to public information in the case law of the Supreme Administrative Court
The article discusses problems resulting from the recent case law of administrative courts regarding access to public information. To a lesser extent they relate to the idea of public information, because in principle the case law has adopted this concept in its broader sense. Disputes concern the relationship between public information and the adopted concept of internal documents and technical information. The author presents arguments in favour of the narrow understanding of internal documents and settling issues of technical information ad casum. She also analyses doubts concerning the subjective scope of the Act on access to public information, including the possibility for minors and collective entities to submit applications. At the same time, she points to new problems which may appear in the context of the Act on the reuse of public sector information.
The recent case law on business confi dential information, protection of classifi ed information and personal data, as well as the right to privacy, is discussed in terms of judicial review of access to public information. At the same time, the author points out to the controversies regarding parties to such review proceedings. When discussing the relationship between the Act on access to public information and other acts, doubts concerning access to information within the framework of the pardon proceedings are highlighted. The article ends with conclusions including, inter alia, demands in relation to the legislature regarding the quality of the adopted legislation.

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Robert Stefanicki
Selected problems in the field of administrative transformation of perpetual usufruct into the right of ownership
In the light of applicable legal regulations, transformation of perpetual usufruct into the right of ownership may take place using both civil law and administrative law instruments. This study discusses the latter mechanism. The main objective of the legislation governing transformation of the right in question on the basis of an administrative decision is to promote enfranchisement. The above assumption formed basis for subsequent amendments of the act, resulting in the extension of the objective and subjective scope of transformation,which is inevitably linked with depletion of the resources owned by the State Treasury and local governments. When evaluating compliance of the regulations in question with the Constitution, the Constitutional Tribunal takes "special" protection of municipal property as the basic pattern in the light of constitutional models, in particular Article 165, paragraph 1, and Article 167, paragraphs 1 and 2, of this act. Emphasis put by the Constitutional Tribunal on the strong public ownership is questioned from the point of view of the constitutional system, especially in terms of the protection of private property as the foundation of the ownership relationships referred to in Article 20 of the Constitution. Adoption of this systemic and functional perspective justifi es enfranchisement on more favourable terms as compared to the transformation on market principles since it is sufficiently grounded in the Constitution.

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Robert Talaga
Appeal against the adjudication on financing a project from the funds allocated for the implementation of the cohesion policy
Proceedings before administrative courts in cases of co-financing from European funds preserved their special nature also in the current programming period of the European Union budget. All this is due to the statutory reference which requires to apply, in the first place, provisions of the Act of 11 July 2014 on the rules of implementation of programmes in the field of cohesion policy financed in the 2014-2020 financial perspective, and allows to apply provisions of the Act of 30 August 2002 - Law on proceedings before administrative courts only to the extent that is not regulated in the first of the above-mentioned acts. Due to a similar construction applied by the legislature, concepts developed both in the case law and in the literature on the basis of the Act of 6 December 2006 on the principles of development policy are still partially up-to-date. Despite many similarities, however, there are some significant differences which are not without effect on the procedural complexities of the legal protection granted to complainants applying for funding. This situation requires careful analysis and taking into account the specificity of all regulations related to the proceedings in the field of project co-fi nancing. This, in fact, is crucial for proper filing and hearing of an appeal brought before an administrative court regarding distribution of European funds.

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Michał Szwast, Marcin Szwed
Abuse of the right to trial in administrative court proceedings
The article discusses the problem of abusing institutions which make up the constitutional right to trial by parties to administrative court proceedings. In the introduction, the authors show the range of practical forms of abuse of the right to trial which administrative courts have to cope with. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights and legislation of other countries serve as examples of contemporary arrangements regarding the concept of abuse of the procedural law. Next, the authors present the case law of administrative courts concerning the abuse of the right to trial which has so far focused on the proceedings for the grant of assistance. Subsequently, the typology of the forms of abuse of the right to trial in proceedings before administrative courts is proposed and illustrated with practical examples from the case law of administrative courts.
An analysis of how to classify prohibition of abuse of procedural rights in the light of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland forms an important part of the work. The authors formulate a thesis according to which the constitutional concept of a "case" only covers situations in which a person actually seeks protection of their own interests. Using the court only to hinder the work of the court or to seek purely imaginary claims is an abuse of the right to trial and does not fall within the scope of the defi nition of a "case" within the meaning of Article 45, paragraph 1, of the Constitution. This means that in the case of direct application of the Constitution administrative courts would be able, even de lege lata, to refer to the construction of abuse of the right to trial, including the recognition of a given appeal as inadmissible on this basis. At the same time, the authors point out that it is difficult to charge with abuse of the right to trial a person who files, in good faith, a claim that is minor in objective terms yet significant from the subjective point of view of that person. Triviality of the case should not automatically result in recognizing a given case as abuse of the right to trial. Rather, it should be considered as an important factor which, along with other premises (e.g. resubmission of the same claim, lack of any justification or its obvious groundlessness),could prove such abuse.
The final part of the article contains conclusions with proposals of individual legislative changes aimed at reducing abuse of procedural rights in administrative court proceedings. The authors propose, inter alia, to introduce a possibility of rejecting an appeal or a cassation appeal by the court in the event of abuse of the right to court, abuse of the mechanisms related to the costs of proceedings, fi nes or other fi nancial penalties. The basis for the use of these mechanisms should be an appropriate clause prohibiting abuse of the right to trial in administrative court proceedings.

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Janusz Wilczyński
Auto-control in accordance with Article 179a of the Law on proceedings before administrative courts. Procedural issues
This article discusses the procedure of auto-control exercised by voivodeship administrative courts against their own rulings pursuant to the provisions of Article 179a of the Law on proceedings before administrative courts. The competence resulting therefrom arises after the submission of a cassation appeal. The article presents the construction of the said institution, in which the voivodeship administrative court acts as a court of both first and second instance. Administrative courts adjudicate within the scope of their judicial competence. A cassation appeal may be lodged against a ruling as a whole.

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Jerzy Parchomiuk
The premise of the need for legal protection as an instrument to prevent abuse of the right of appeal in German administrative court proceedings
The problem of abuse of the right of appeal brings a task for the case law to create instruments allowing to find a balance between guarantees of legal protection and prevention of the use of these guarantees in violation of their purpose and nature. The goal of the article is to present one of these instruments: a concept of the premise of the need for legal protection which was developed in the German case law and doctrine. These considerations may be treated as an argument in favour of the thesis that the concept of abuse of the right to appeal is not inconsistent with the foundations of the right to trial and may be an efficient instrument for the protection of the effectiveness of the system of justice, which is endangered by engaging in futile legal disputes, devoid of real impact on the legal situation of the complainants.

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